Features of 4G Technology

With the deployment of 3G (3rd generation mobile communication systems) in process, the interest of many research bodies shifts towards future systems beyond 3G. They are called B3G (beyond 3G) or 4G (4th generation mobile communication). The term 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wireless access communication systems, not only cellular telephone systems.

OBJECTIVES
•4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system.
•Providing transfer rate between 100 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s speeds both indoors and outdoors.
•Premium quality and high security.
•Interoperability with existing wireless standards
Features of Fourth Generation Technology
•High performance
•Interoperability and easy roaming
•Fully converged services.
•Devices: more user friendly interface
•Enhanced GPS Services
•Scalability
•Crisis-Management applications
CHALLENGES IN MIGRATION TO 4G
•Multimode user terminals
•Security
•Attacks on application level
•Jamming and spoofing
•Data encryption
SCOPE IN 4G
•Multiple-input and multiple-output, or MIMO
•Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)
•Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Why Twitter ?

Twitter is a social networking and micro-blogging service that allows its users to send and read other users' updates (known as tweets), which are text-based posts of up to 140 characters in length.
                        Updates are displayed on the user's profile page and delivered to other users who have signed up to receive them. Senders can restrict delivery to those in their circle of friends (delivery to everyone being the default). Users can receive updates via the Twitter website, SMS, RSS, or through applications such as TwitterMobile, Tweetie, Twinkle, Twitterrific, Feedalizr, Facebook, and Twidget, a widget application. Four gateway numbers are currently available for SMS: short codes for the United States, Canada, and India, and a United Kingdom-based number for international use. Several third parties offer posting and receiving updates via email. Estimates of the number of daily users vary as the company does not release the number of active accounts. In November 2008, Jeremiah Owyang of Forrester Research estimated that Twitter had 4-5 million users.

How can I access my home computer from work or school ?

Popular methods of remotely connecting to another computer for remote access and/or assist. First, is a listing of online services, these are services that allow anyone with an Internet browser to remotely access and connect to another computer. Next, is a listing of software programs that are used to connect and remotely access other computers. Finally, at the end of the document you can find additional information about resolving problems you may encounter that prevent you from using one of the below services.
Online services:
LogMeIn - http://www.logmein.com/
TeamViewer - http://www.teamviewer.com/
WebEx PCNow - http://pcnow.webex.com/
I think this more will help you a little,
Firewall - Any firewall protecting your home, work, and/or school network must be open for many of these software programs / services to communicate with other computers. If you have a software firewall program running on your computer you must unblock or open the port for the program when prompted. Some schools / corporations have a hardware firewall that will block almost all outside Internet traffic making it difficult if not impossible for many of these solutions to work.
Static IP vs. Dynamic IP - Many of the programs will require you to specify the IP address of your computer. If you do not have a static IP address this address will change each time you connect to the Internet. This can make it difficult to connect if your computer is consistently changing its IP address.
Modem vs. always on connection - If your home computer is connecting to the Internet using a Modem instead of an always on connection such as a broadband connection you must keep your modem connected in order to connect to the computer. Additional information about disabling auto disconnect and keeping your modem connection established can be found on document CH000371.
Plug-ins and additional software - Many of the online services that allow you to remotely connect to another computer over your browser will require that a plug-in be installed into the browser and/or a third-party program be installed. Some work and school computers may prohibit you from doing this.

Mobile Number Portability - Complete Guide

                                   Mobile Number Portability (MNP) got kicked off in India (as planned) on 25th November 2010, with the initial launch happening in the state of Haryana. Other states too will be catching up soon and with this new facility, which will allow users to change their mobile service providers without changing their Mobile phone number. This article intends to be a FAQ post which will help you understand Mobile Number Portability and how it will work in India. Read on to learn more about Mobile Number Portability in India.
1. What is MNP or Mobile Number Portability?
MNP is the abbreviation used for Mobile Number Portability. Mobile NumberPortability as mentioned above, once implemented, will allow users to change their mobile carriers (Vodafone, Airtel, Idea, Reliance, Tata DoCoMo, Uninor etc… are few of the mobile carriers who operate in India) without changing their phone number. Without MNP, if a user changes his / her mobile carrier, he / she is given a new SIM which also has a new number and thus his / her phone number changes, the minute he / she uses the new SIM (when MNP is not used). With MNP, you will be switch from GSM to CDMA or vice versa without getting your number changed.
2. Steps to Change Mobile Service Provider with MNP
Once MNP gets rolled out in your circle (i.e. telecom term for your residential area), then you need to follow the steps mentioned below
Step 1 – Send an SMS to 1900 with the message PORT . represents an empty space, which can be generated by pressing space bar key on your mobile phone.
For example, if your mobile phone number is 9999999999 then you need to type PORT 9999999999.
Step 2 – Once you send the message as described in Step1, you will receive a porting code. Porting code is a 8 digit unique code associated with your number.
Step 3 – Next, you must visit the service provider to which you wish to subscribe with the porting code you obtained in Step 2. Here you will be required to complete the application process (which will include filling up a specific form for MNP).
Step 4 – With the completion of Step 3, work from your end is completed. After this, the service providers (current and new) will complete the back-end work. You will then receive an SMS which mention the date and time of porting from your new service provider. As per Department of Telecommunication paper, the operators are required to finish this process in Seven days.
Step 5 – Once step 4 is completed, on the specific date and time mentioned by the provider, insert the new SIM card and your phone will now work on the same phone number, but with new carrier.
3. How often can I change my Mobile Service Provider?
MNP requires you to be with the new service provider for at least 90 days.

4. What are the charges for keeping my number same, while switching carriers?
The new service provider can charge a maximum of Rs. 19 from the subscriber as MNP fees. This has been fixed by TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India).
5. is there a down-time; I need to be aware of?
On the day when porting actually happens for your number, a down time of 2 hours should be accounted.
6. I want to switch to a new Mobile service provider, but my current service provider is denying me porting rights. Why?
Your request for switching to a new service provider, while keeping your phone number same, through MNP can be denied by your current provider if
i. You have outstanding dues with your providers.
ii. If your contract forbids you from moving out of the network.
iii. You haven’t been with the new provider 90 days.
iv. Your request is not within the same area. For example, you live in Mumbai, but applying for provider change in Delhi.
v. Legal restrictions on your number from court or government etc.
vi. Your number is going through an ownership change or address change. In such a situation, you need to get through with the process before applying for service provider change through MNP.
Mobile number Portability in India, got delayed multiple times
Many analysts believe that Mobile Number Portability will lead to substantial reduction of ARPU’s (Average Revenue per User) for major telcos, however there is also another breed which believes that MNP won’t lead to price war, rather better customer support, network infrastructure, lesser call drops etc. Once completely rolled out MNP will cover 22 circles across India with almost 10 providers in each circle.

Overview of Internet

The Internet is a global computer network made up of smaller computer networks; it has been called a "Network of Networks."

These smaller networks include:

Local Area Networks (like networked offices or computer labs, and campus-wide networks)

Wide Area Networks (like city-wide networks)

State and Regional Networks (including regional service providers and others)

National and International Networks

There is no one inventor of the Internet. The Internet was created in the 1960s as a huge network linking big university and government computers. The science behind the Internet was invented during the Cold War, when the United States was in competition against Russia for weapons and technology. So the Internet is actually pretty old--around forty years. Much of Internet’s initial development was supported by American governmental research and network development (beginning with the American military's ARPANET in 1969). In fact, email has been around since 1972! In 1989 that Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Geneva, proposed the World Wide Web. Now Internet Service Providers (ISPs) offer Internet access to their clients, at costs ranging from Rs 150/- per 6 months to hundreds of rupees per year, depending on the

types of service they offer.

Cellular mobile communication system

First generation cellular mobile communication system
In the late 1970s, the first generation cellular mobile communication system
characterized by frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and analog frequency
module (FM) came into being, pioneering the commercialization of cellular mobile
communication systems. The major modes in this phase include TACS of the UK,
AMPS of the US and NMT of north Europe. This phase featured defects such as low
frequency utilization, small system capacity, no united international standard, very
complicated equipment, high cost, requirement of certain protection bands, no effective
anti-interference and anti-attenuation measures, poor voice quality, low security etc., as
well as limited number of subscribers and incapability of non-voice services and digital
communication services. With the development of services, the firs generation cellular
mobile communication system became unable to satisfy the market requirement. Further
more, in the transmission system, the voice transmission was implemented in the analog
mode, while signaling gateways adopted the digital mode, resulting in ineffective control
of network management.
Second generation cellular mobile communication system
In mid 1980s, the second-generation cellular mobile communication system featuring
TDMA, CDMA and digital modulation (QPSK, p/4-QPSK and GMSK) appeared. The
major modes in this phase include GSM of Europe, DAMPS of the US and the CDMA
system put forward by Qualcomm of the US. At that time, since some critical techniques
in the CDMA system were not properly solved, the development of the CDMA
technology was relatively slow. However, since the GSM system adopted the TDMA
technology, which was mature at that time, the utilization of frequency spectrum was
increased, and the shortcomings of the analog system were well solved. Therefore it
gained wide support from telecom operators and equipment manufacturers of the world,
and the globally united GSM system standard was made up. However, for the very
reason that this kind system used the TDMA mode, the anti-interference and antiattenuation
capability of this kind of system was still unsatisfactory, certain protection
time slots were required, and the system capacity was unable to meet the growing
requirements of the users. Besides, the design of this kind of system is very complicated,the frequency utilization was not high, and the hard handoff mode was adopted for intercell
handoff, which tended to cause call drops, and was unable to satisfy the users’
growing fast data transmission and broadband video multimedia service
 requirements.


Third generation cellular mobile communication system
The third generation cellular mobile communication system (3G) is also called IMT-
2000, implying that the system’s working frequency band is 2000MHz, and its
maximum service rate can be as high as 2 Mbit/s. Its technical basis is broadband WCDMA,
characterized mainly by multimedia and intelligent features. It can improve the
multi-element transmission rate, and realize the general integration of ground cellular
system, cordless system, cellular mobile communication system and satellite system -
the real global services. It provides a unified platform for the combination and
distribution of various services. Although the third generation cellular mobile
communication system still has room for perfection, the general framework has been
defined. It has the following tree major features:
Seamless global roaming.
High-speed transmission. High-speed mobile environment: 144kbit/s; walking lowspeed
mobile environment: 384kbit/s; Indoor static environment: 2Mbit/s;
Seamless service transfer. That is, interworking is available in fixed networks, mobile
networks and satellite services.
The technology of 3G is the multimedia communication system that uses the IP
technology as bearer to realize end-to-end IP and provide multiple serviced. Although
the development of 3G and the formulation of its standard have been held up due to
different technical, political and commercial interests, and there are as many as ten
commercial standards for 3G have been put forward up to now, yet the basis for the
transmission mode of all these standards is CDMA.

Format USB (Pen Drive) using Command prompt

Formatting a pendrive i not something new.But formatting through DOS is something different and new.So now you can just follow the below steps to format your pendrive in seconds How to format USB?

• First go to command prompt(Start > Run > CMD)
• Then C:/documents and settings Command prompt will appear.
• Then type format x (x is the driver letter) and press ENTER
• After that you have to enter the volume label of the pen drive correctly and press ENTER.
• Then a prompt will appear.Select Y (yes) command.
• Format will start.
• Then after the process is over your drive is fresh and ready to be written !

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

Short for liquid crystal display, a type of display used in digital watches and many portable computers. LCD displays utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.
Monochrome LCD images usually appear as blue or dark gray images on top of a grayish-white background. Color LCD displays use two basic techniques for producing color: Passive matrix is the less expensive of the two technologies. The other technology, called thin film transistor (TFT) or active-matrix, produces color images that are as sharp as traditional CRT displays, but the technology is expensive. Recent passive-matrix displays using new CSTN and DSTN technologies produce sharp colors rivaling active-matrix displays.
Most LCD screens used in notebook computers are backlit, or transmissive, to make them easier to read.

A color television picture tube contains three electron guns, one corresponding to each of the three primary colors of light—red, green, and blue. Electromagnets direct the beams of electrons emerging from these guns to continuously scan the screen. As the electrons strike red, green, and blue phosphor dots on the screen, they make the dots glow. A screen with holes in it, called a shadowmask, ensures that each electron beam only strikes phosphor dots of its corresponding color. The glow of all the dots together forms the television picture.

FTP

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. This is both a program and the method used to transfer files between computers. Anonymous FTP is an option that allows users to transfer files from thousands of host computers on the Internet to their personal computer account. FTP sites contain books, articles, software, games, images, sounds, multimedia, course work, data sets, and more.If your computer is directly connected to the Internet via an Ethernet cable, you can use one of several PC software programs, such as WS_FTP for Windows, to conduct a file transfer.FTP transfers can be performed on the World Wide Web without the need for special software. In this case, the Web browser will suffice. Whenever you download software from a Web site to your local machine, you are using FTP. You can also retrieve FTP files via search engines such as FtpFind, located at /http://www.ftpfind.com/. This option is easiest because you do not need to know FTP program commands.

TELNET

Telnet is a program that allows you to log into computers on the Internet and use online databases, library catalogs, chat services, and more. There are no graphics in Telnet sessions, just text. To Telnet to a computer, you must know its address. This can consist of words (locis.loc.gov) or numbers (140.147.254.3). Some services require you to connect to a specific port on the remote computer. In this case, type the port number after the Internet address. Example: telnet nri.reston.va.us 185.Telnet is available on the World Wide Web. Probably the most common Web-based resources available through Telnet have been library catalogs, though most catalogs have since migrated to the Web. A link to a Telnet resource may look like any other link, but it will launch a Telnet session to make the connection. A Telnet program must be installed on your local computer and configured to your Web browser in order to work.With the increasing popularity of the Web, Telnet has become less frequently used as a means of access to information on the Internet.

E-Mail

Approximately 60 billion emails are sent everyday by 1.3 billion email users (this doesn’t include spammessages). This is a testament to the power of internet communication. Electronic mail, or e-mail, allows computer users locally and worldwide to exchange messages. Each user of e-mail has a mailbox address to which messages are sent. Messages sent through e-mail can arrive within a matter of seconds.A powerful aspect of e-mail is the option to send electronic files to a person's e-mail address.Email has become such a normal method of communication, that a majority of colleges, upon enrollment at their University, assign students their own email address to coincide with their individual school web portal (which normally contains information about the student’s classes financial aid etc.).Non-ASCII files, known as binary files, may be attached to e-mail messages. These files are referred to as MIME attachments.MIME stands for Multimedia Internet Mail Extension, and was developed to help e-mail software handle a variety of file types. For example, a document created in Microsoft Word can be attached to an e-mail message and retrieved by the recipient with the appropriate e-mail program. Many e-mail programs, including Eudora, Netscape Messenger, and Microsoft Outlook, offer the ability to read files written in HTML, which is itself a MIME type.

WWW (world wide web)

                                   The World Wide Web (abbreviated as the Web or WWW) is a system of Internet servers that supports hypertext to access several Internet protocols on a single interface. Almost every protocol type available on the Internet is accessible on the Web. This includes e-mail, FTP, Telnet, and Usenet News. In addition to these, the World Wide Web has its own protocol: HyperText Transfer Protocol, or HTTP. These protocols will be explained later in this document.The World Wide Web provides a single interface for accessing all these protocols. This creates a convenient and user-friendly environment. It is no longer necessary to be conversant in these protocols within separate, command-level environments. The Web gathers together these protocols into a single system. Because of this feature, and because of the Web's ability to work with multimedia and advanced programming languages, the Web is the fastest-growing component of the Internet.The operation of the Web relies primarily on hypertext as its means of information retrieval. HyperText is a document containing words that connect to other documents. These words are called links and are selectable by the user. A single hypertext document can contain links to many documents. In the context of the Web, words or graphics may serve as links to other documents, images, video, and sound. Links may or may not follow a logical path, as each connection is programmed by the creator of the source document. Overall, the Web contains a complex virtual web of connections among a vast number of documents, graphics, videos, and sounds.

Wi-Fi Technology

Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity. As the words indicates, the system seeks to do
away with-wires. This system is known as wireless LAN, as with Wi-Fi we can
connect different computers in a LAN using radio waves.This standard is known as IEEE 802 .11. There are different versions of this standard available. They are 802.11b, 802.11a & 802.11g. A comparison of the
different standards is given below. WiFi generally refers to any type of IEEE
802.11 standard.

Elements in Wifi Network
1. Access point: - Access point (AP) is a device, which is acting as a bridge
between the wireless client device and the wired network.
2. Wireless client device: - Wireless client device can be a 802.11-enabled
laptop/desktop (PC). The laptops available today are Wi-Fi supported with.
As far as PC’s are concerned, Wi-Fi can be enabled by installing Wi-Fi
adaptor cards (PCMCIA card) in PC’s or by connecting external USB
adaptor cards and installing the driver software.

Operation: -
The Wi-Fi client devices are accessing the Access Point (AP) through the radio
air interface. The AP is connected to IP network mainly through wired interface.
The Wi-Fi client device is thus able to access the IP network through the AP. The
geographic area served by the AP is defined as the hotspot .The Wi-Fi client
device within the range of hotspot (up to 100m) can access the AP through the
radio interface. In the 2.4 GHz system normally used in Wi-Fi, the frequency band
is between 2.4GHz to 2.484GHz. Each channel is of 22MHz bandwidth. Normally
an AP has 11 channels available and out of these channels 1,6,11 are non overlapping.

"Broadband Features & Services"

· Fast connection to the Internet
Access to the services which would otherwise be impossible on a slower
dial up connection. These include facilities such as downloading music
or video footage, listening to your favourite radio station or downloading
(or sending) large attached files with emails.
· “Always-on” connection
means that you are permanently connected to the internet;hence no
need to dial up a connection every time you want to surf the web, send
email, etc.
· Flat-rate billing
if you choose an uncapped rate there will be no additional charges for
the time you are online.You can use it as much or as little as you would
like, for a fixed fee. Some connections are available at a lower cost, but
limit you to the amount of data being downloaded (known as 'capped
rate').
· Dedicated connection
Simultaneous use of both telephone & data line.
· High speed Internet
means that you are permanently connected to the internet, and don't
need to dial up a connection every time you want to surf the web, send

email, etc.
· Video on Demand
Enables the user to select from an online library of content and select
any of the available choices for viewing at a convenient time with full
DVD like controls. This is similar to borrowing a Video for viewing.
· Video Multicasting
Similar to cable or terrestrial broadcast – the user can join at any time
but the stream begins and ends at the preappointed times.
· Interactive Gaming
Enables multiple players to play online games pitted against each other
or against computers, through gaming servers employed by gaming
content providers.

· Audio and Video Conferencing
Share ideas, information, and applications using video or audio.
· Distant Learning
Consists of electronic classrooms with 2-way and multi-way
communication among teachers and students.
All these services require the service provider to have tie-ups with the various content
providers.
Broadband Elements

· Customer Premises Equipment(CPE)
· Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM)
· LAN Switches: for aggregating DSLAM
· Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS)
· Subscriber Service Selection System (SSSS)
· RADIUS and LDAP
· Provisioning System

A Basic fact about Internet

                                                      The Internet is a computer network made up of thousands of networks worldwide. No one knows exactly how many computers are connected to the Internet. It is certain, however, that these number in the millions.No one is in charge of the Internet. There are organizations which develop technical aspects of this network and set standards for creating applications on it, but no governing body is in control. The Internet backbone, through which Internet traffic flows, is owned by private companies.All computers on the Internet communicate with one another using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol suite, abbreviated to TCP/IP. Computers on the Internet use a client/server architecture. This means that the remote server machine provides files and services to the user's local client machine. Software can be installed on a client computer to take advantage of the latest access technology.An Internet user has access to a wide variety of services: electronic mail, file transfer, vast information resources, interest group membership, interactive collaboration, multimedia displays, real-time broadcasting, shopping opportunities, breaking news, and much more.The Internet consists primarily of a variety of access protocols. Many of these protocols feature programs that allow users to search for and retrieve material made available by the protocol.

4G Technology - Features

 FEATURES OF FOURTH GENERATION 

TECHNOLOGY (4G)

                                       User requirements are growing faster than ever and the limitations of the current mobile communication systems have forced the researchers to come up with more advanced and efficient technologies. 4G mobile technology is the next step in this direction. 4G is the next generation of wireless networks that will totally replace 3G networks. 

With the deployment of 3G (3rd generation mobile communication systems) in process, the interest of many research bodies shifts towards future systems beyond 3G. They are called B3G (beyond 3G) or 4G (4th generation mobile communication). The term 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wireless access communication systems, not only cellular telephone systems.

OBJECTIVES 

•4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system.

•Providing transfer rate between 100 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s speeds 

    both indoors and outdoors.

•Premium quality and high security.

•Interoperability with existing wireless standards

CHALLENGES IN MIGRATION TO 4G 

•Multimode user terminals 

•Security 

•Attacks on application level 

•Jamming and spoofing 

•Data encryption

SCOPE IN 4G

      •Multiple-input and multiple-output, or MIMO

      •Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)

      •Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Features

•High performance

•Interoperability and easy roaming

•Fully converged services.

•Devices: more user friendly interface

•Enhanced GPS Services•Scalability•Crisis-Management 

applications

Conclusion

This blog article provided an overview of the 4G evolution and

technologies. 4G will certainly add perceived benefit to an

ordinary person’s life over 3G. 4G will be an intelligent

technology that will interconnect the entire world seamlessly.

Projected 4G mobile communication system will reduce

number of different technologies to a single global standard.

Technologies are evolving every day and night but the final

success of 4G mobile communication will depend upon the

new services and contents made available to users. These

new applications must meet user expectations, and give

added value over existing offers.

Solar Power: The New Designs & Innovations

Solar power is no longer just about installing photovoltaic panels on existing rooftops to convert a bit of electricity with sunlight. Nowadays, people are finding unique ways to integrate solar energy into architectural, vehicular and even fashion designs from the beginning. Moreover, some innovators have even figured out ways to make structures entirely energy-independent by combining various alternative energy sources.

When solar was first introduced it was an auxiliary power source – now we have cars, boats, planes and even entire buildings that run on solar power. From the world’s first energy-autonomous vehicle to solar balloons, arcs, lily pads and even bras here are some of the most clever contemporary solar designs. These push the existing envelope of solar technology and design ingenuity.

                                                     It is hard to say whether the solar bra concept is more geared toward a male of a female audience. The stomach solar panel is perhaps a little less than sexy but supposedly generates enough energy to power a small mobile device such as an MP3 player or a cellular phone. The idea is interesting but the implementation is dubious. After all, who goes outside in only a bra? And what about the unwashability of such a clothing item...?

                                                                It has been called everything from Noah’s Eco-Arc to a giant stapler and many things in between. Born of a recall this structure was designed with reuse/recycling as well as alternative energy in mind. Following an unfortunate recall of a huge number of photovalic cells that simply could not be ethically resold Sanyo decided to use them themselves and create an amazing company structure at the same time.

                                                      One of the biggest problems, as everyone knows, with solar energy is the difficult off-times when the sun simply won’t shine (at night or during poor weather). To take advantage of even these down times systems like these that use materials (like salt) which store heat for long periods even in the absence of sun seem to be the next stage in solar energy evolution – making the absolute most out of available power and materials. What’s next on the solar horizon? Hard to say but the key elements seem to be: (a) using solar power even without the sun, (b) mixing solar power with other alternative energies and (c) making maximum use of solar power by integrating it with existing structures and vehicles at small and large scales with maximum material, time and cost efficiency.

                                                           This first commercial solar power station in Europe is a sight to behold, appearing like an alien object standing out brightly against the flat surrounding landscape. An array of solar panels around the base are used to reflect the sun direct at the giant tower in the middle where, in turn, that heat energy is used to raise the temperature of water piped through the structure. The panels are an awesome site to behold and rotate to track the sun throughout the year.

Difference between microprocessor and microcontroller

Basic block diagram of Microcontroller

Microprocesser

                                                                                                                             T                                         The microprocessor is the integration of a number of useful functions into a single IC package other wise it can be call it as a CPU.At the same time  a microcontroller is obtained by integrating the key components of microprocessor,RAM, ROM, and Digital I/O . Microcontrollers are usually designed to perform a small set of specific functions for example as in the case of a Digital Signal Processor which performs a small set of signal processing functions and it is  widely used to regulate the brakes on all four wheels, or to regulate the car air conditioning .But Microprocesser  performs a wide range of task ie microprocessor in a PC.The basic difference between the microprocessor and Microcontroller is that we can interface a microcontroller directly means "for example we can directly connect a keyboard to microcontroller to any of its ports"....where as for microprocessor we can't interface directly...we require a circuit board since it requires ram,ic's.....etc.,!We can directly interface digital and analog signal for processing.  But it is not the case in the microprocessor.Microprocessor is the device  that does not have memory(internal),in micontroller it has internal memory and has connected directly to pheripheral device.Microcontroller differs from a microprocessor in many ways. First and the most important is its functionality. In order for a microprocessor to be used, other components such as memory, or components for receiving and sending data must be added to it. In short that means that microprocessor is the very heart of the computer. On the other hand, microcontroller is designed to be all of that in one. No other external components are needed for its application because all necessary peripherals are already built into it.
Microprocesser can be control Multiple Application.
eg. System Design.

Microcontroller can be control Single or Particular Application Only.

eg. embedded systems.

Another way of considering this is:

If you want to run a video game you probably need a microprocessor.
If you want to run a microwave oven you probably need a microcontroller.